Abstract · The paper outlines a research program which aimed at gaining a better insight into the unbearable suffering experienced by patients in a Dutch primary care setting. The introduction outlines the main features of the research agenda. This section is followed by the description of the SOS-V instrument which was developed to measure unbearable suffering. The main part of the paper contains the presentation of the data gathered with the use of the instrument. The paper is closed with a short reflection in which the possible usefulness of the instrument in palliative care is highlighted.

Abstract · The opinion about gagats/jets was roughly the same from antiquity until the end of the 18th century: considered a special 'stone' thus their appreciation was unbroken. By the 19th century, it had changed along two main points. On the one hand, the rapid development of the natural sciences moreover the increasing research, acceptance and application of their findings, on the other hand, the 'golden age' of the British Empire, which was reinforced by the personal qualities of a unique female monarch and her 'affection' for gagats/jets. Thus, in my paper I have chosen to present the most famous mourning jewellery material in the cultural history of humankind with its debates on naming, its appearance in the domestic literature, an outline of the geological and formation context, the practicalities of its classification as a mineraloid, and its chemical approach. Of course, I could not go without mentioning the modern, 21st century classification, thus definitively deciding whether gagats/jets are precious, semi-precious, ornamental stones or gemstones. In my paper, I also included a cultural history of Victorian era gagat/jewellery, furthermore, a discussion of the most famous English mining and processing area. The uniqueness of my work is that never before has been written such a precise description, literary presentation and cultural historical aspect of gagats/jets in Hungarian. A gap filler that is essential for the knowledge of mourning jewellery and thus for the understanding of post-mortem behaviours and opinions.